42 Must-Read Feminist Female Authors

What is a feminist writer? The definition has changed over time, and in different generations, it can mean different things. For the purposes of this list, a feminist writer is one whose works of fiction, autobiography, poetry, or drama highlighted the plight of women or societal inequalities that women struggled against. Although this list highlights female writers, its worth noting that gender isnt a prerequisite for being considered feminist. Here are some notable female writers whose works have a decidedly feminist viewpoint. Anna Akhmatova (1889-1966) Russian poet recognized both for her accomplished verse techniques and for her complex yet principled opposition to the injustices, repressions, and persecutions that took place in the early Soviet Union. She wrote her best-known work, the lyric poem Requiem, in secret over a five-year period between 1935 and 1940, describing the suffering of Russians under Stalinist rule. Louisa May Alcott (1832-1888) Feminist and transcendentalist with strong family ties to Massachusetts, Louisa May Alcott is best known for her 1868 novel about four sisters, Little Women, based on an idealized version of her own family. Isabel Allende (born 1942) Chilean-American writer known for writing about female protagonists in a literary style known as magical realism. Shes best known for novels The House of the Spirits (1982) and Eva Luna (1987). Maya Angelou (1928-2014) African-American author, playwright, poet, dancer, actress, and singer, who wrote 36 books, and acted in plays and musicals. Angelous most famous work is the autobiographical I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969). In it, Angelou spares no detail of her chaotic childhood. Margaret Atwood (born 1939) Canadian writer whose early childhood was spent living in the wilderness of Ontario. Atwoods most well-known work is The Handmaids Tale (1985). It tells the story of a near-future dystopia in which the main character and narrator, a woman called Offred, is kept as a concubine (handmaid) for reproductive purposes. Jane Austen (1775-1817) Jane Austen was an English novelist whose name did not appear on her popular works until after her death. She led a relatively sheltered life, yet wrote some of the best-loved stories of relationships and marriage in Western literature. Her novels include Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1812), Mansfield Park (1814), Emma  (1815), Persuasion (1819) and Northanger Abbey (1819). Charlotte Brontà « (1816-1855) Charlotte Brontà «s 1847 novel Jane Eyre is one of the most-read and most-analyzed works of English literature. The sister of Anne and Emily Bronte, Charlotte was the last survivor of six siblings, the children of a parson and his wife, who died in childbirth. Its believed that Charlotte heavily edited Annes and Emilys work after their deaths. Emily Brontà « (1818-1848) Charlottes sister wrote arguably one of the most prominent and critically-acclaimed novels in Western literature, Wuthering Heights. Very little is known about when Emily Brontà « wrote this Gothic work, believed to be her only novel, or how long it took her to write. Gwendolyn Brooks (1917-2000) First African American writer to win the Pulitzer Prize, she earned the award in 1950 for her book of poetry Annie Allen. Brooks earlier work, a collection of poems called, A Street in Bronzeville (1945), was praised as an unflinching portrait of life in Chicagos inner city. Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861) One of the most popular British poets of the Victorian era, Browning is best known for her Sonnets from the Portuguese, a collection of love poems she wrote secretly during her courtship with fellow poet Robert Browning. Fanny Burney (1752-1840) English novelist, diarist, and playwright who wrote satirical novels about English aristocracy. Her novels include Evelina, published anonymously in 1778, and The Wanderer (1814). Willa Cather (1873-1947) Cather was an American writer known for her novels about life on the Great Plains. Her works include O Pioneers! (1913), The Song of the Lark (1915), and My Antonia (1918). She won the Pulitzer Prize for One of Ours (1922), a novel set in World War I. Kate Chopin (1850-1904) Author of short stories and novels, which included The Awakening and other short stories such as A Pair of Silk Stockings, and The Story of an Hour, Chopin explored feminist themes in most of her work. Christine de Pizan (c.1364-c.1429) Author of The Book of the City of Ladies, de Pizan was a medieval writer whose work shed light on the lives of medieval women. Sandra Cisneros (born 1954) Mexican-American writer is best known for her novel The House on Mango Street (1984) and her short story collection Woman Hollering Creek and Other Stories (1991). Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) Recognized among the most influential of American poets, Emily Dickinson lived most of her life as a recluse in Amherst, Massachusetts. Many of her poems, which had strange capitalization and dashes, can be interpreted to be about death. Among her most well-known poems are Because I Could Not Stop for Death, and A Narrow Fellow in the Grass. George Eliot (1819-1880) Born Mary Ann Evans, Eliot wrote about social outsiders within political systems in small towns. Her novels included The Mill on the Floss (1860), Silas Marner (1861), and Middlemarch (1872). Louise Erdrich (born 1954) A writer of Ojibwe heritage whose works focus on Native Americans. Her 2009 novel The Plague of Doves was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize. Marilyn French (1929-2009) American writer whose work highlighted gender inequalities. He best-known work was her 1977 novel The Womens Room. Margaret Fuller (1810-1850) Part of the New England Transcendentalist movement, Margaret Fuller was a confidant of Ralph Waldo Emerson, and a feminist when womens rights were not robust. Shes known for her work as a journalist at the New York Tribune, and her essay Woman in the Nineteenth Century. Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935) A feminist scholar whose best-known work is her semi-autobiographical short story The Yellow Wallpaper, about a woman suffering from mental illness after being confined to a small room by her husband. Lorraine Hansberry (1930-1965) Lorraine Hansberry  is an author and playwright whose best-known work is the 1959 play A Raisin in the Sun. It was the first Broadway play by an African-American woman to be produced on Broadway. Lillian Hellman (1905-1984) Playwright best known for the 1933 play The Childrens Hour, which was banned in several places for its depiction of a lesbian romance. Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) Writer whose best-known work is the controversial 1937 novel Their Eyes Were Watching God. Sarah Orne Jewett (1849-1909) New England novelist and poet, known for her style of writing, referred to as American literary regionalism, or local color. Her best-known work is the 1896 short story collection The Country of the Pointed Firs. Margery Kempe (c.1373-c.1440) A medieval writer known for dictating the first autobiography written in English (she could not write). She was said to have religious visions which informed her work. Maxine Hong Kingston (born 1940) Asian-American writer whose work focuses on Chinese immigrants in the U.S. Her best-known work is her 1976 memoir The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts. Doris Lessing (1919-2013) Her 1962 novel The Golden Notebook is considered a leading feminist work. Lessing won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2007. Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892-1950) Poet and feminist who received the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1923 for The Ballad of the Harp-Weaver. Millay made no attempts to hide her bisexuality, and themes exploring sexuality can be found throughout her writing. Toni Morrison (born 1931) The first African-American woman to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature, in 1993, Toni Morrisons best-known work is her 1987 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel Beloved, about a freed slave haunted by her daughters ghost. Joyce Carol Oates (born 1938) Prolific novelist and short-story writer whose work deals with themes of oppression, racism, sexism, and violence against women. Her works include Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? (1966), Because it is Bitter, and Because it is My Heart (1990) and We Were the Mulvaneys (1996). Sylvia Plath (1932-1963) Poet and novelist whose best-known work was her autobiography The Bell Jar (1963). Sylvia Plath, who suffered from depression, also is known for her 1963 suicide. In 1982, she became the first poet to be awarded the Pulitzer Prize posthumously, for her Collected Poems. Adrienne Rich (1929-2012) Adrienne Rich  was an award-winning poet, longtime American feminist, and prominent lesbian. She wrote more than a dozen volumes of poetry and several non-fiction books. Rich won the National Book Award in 1974 for Diving Into the Wreck, but refused to accept the award individually, instead sharing it with fellow nominees Audre Lorde and Alice Walker. Christina Rossetti (1830-1894) English poet known for her mystical religious poems, and the feminist allegory in her best-known narrative ballad, Goblin Market. George Sand (1804-1876) French novelist and memoirist whose real name was Armandine Aurore Lucille Dupin Dudevant. Her works include La Mare au Diable (1846), and La Petite Fadette (1849). Sappho (c.610 B.C.-c.570 B.C.) Most well-known of the ancient Greek women poets associated with the island of Lesbos. Sappho wrote odes to the goddesses and lyric poetry, whose style gave name to Sapphic meter. Mary Shelley (1797-1851) Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley  was a novelist best known for Frankenstein, (1818); married to the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley; daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft and William Godwin. Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902) Suffragist who fought for womens voting rights, known for her 1892 speech Solitude of Self, her autobiography Eighty Years and More and  The Womans Bible. Gertrude Stein (1874-1946) Gertrude Steins Saturday salons in Paris drew artists such as Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse. Her best-known works are Three Lives (1909) and The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas (1933). Toklas and Stein were longtime partners. Amy Tan (born 1952) Her best-known work is the 1989 novel The Joy Luck Club, about the lives of Chinese-American women and their families. Alice Walker (born 1944) Alice Walkers best-known work is the 1982 novel The Color Purple, winner of the Pulitzer Prize. Shes also famous for her rehabilitation of the work of Zora Neale Hurston. Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) One of the most prominent literary figures of the early 20th century, with novels like Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse (1927). Virginia Woolfs best-known work is her 1929 essay A Room of Ones Own.

Living Life in Fear with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Imagine living your entire life in constant fear. People often experience a sense of fear after living through an upsetting event. However, the feelings of fear, sadness, and anxiety slowly drift away and go back to normal. This is not the case for people diagnosed with PTSD. â€Å"Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can be developed following a traumatic event that threatens your safety or makes you feel helpless†. (Smith, Segal, 2014). Society oftens links PTSD with soldiers being traumatized by war events, however, anybody can develop PTSD from any type of overwhelming life experience. PTSD can be developed from more than just war experiences. Any shattering event that leaves you feeling helpless and hopeless can cause PTSD to form. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder can develop from rape, assault, childhood neglect, and even the sudden death of a loved one. Although some of these seem more traumatic than the others, they can all have the same type of impact on a person. PTSD comes from a traumatic event that a person has no control over. It is normal for a person to feel crazy, fearful, and even disconnected during the time that a traumatic event has happened. People may find it difficult to stop thinking about the event for a short period of time. Eventually these feelings begin to fade, however, for a person with post-traumatic stress disorder, these feelings do not go away. The symptoms for PTSD actually start to get worse the more that time goes on. â€Å"... you remain inShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The Traumatic Stress Disorder1568 Words   |  7 PagesPost- traumatic stress disorder often get looked over by doctors and people go untreated. With passing time the fear might go away, but what happen when the constant fear take over. That was the case for a student in a psychology class I was taking. The instructor was going over anxiety and a young man told the class about how when he was in the army. 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Ibsens plays Essay Example For Students

Ibsens plays Essay It is true that a major concern of Ibsens plays is the development of characters. However, the fact that A Dolls House has a backdrop in the form of a flawed society suggests that society dictates the ways in which characters mature.  Take the character Nora as a starting point. Torvald defines her character precisely when he says things such as: Is that my little sky-lark chirping out there? (1). At the start of the play, Nora is just an object to Torvald. The fact that she laughs and plays along with what can only be described as insults and teases, shows the audience that she is a weak character unable to amount to much. However, as the play progresses, we start to see hints that suggest Nora is not as marginalised as she first appears. Torvald says: My little sweet tooth surely didnt forget herself in town today? (5). The fact that she looks Torvald straight in the eye and lies about not eating the macaroons shows that she does have the potential to be subversive and stretch herself beyond what is accepted by her husband: I assure you Torvald! (5).  Nora then later on says to Mrs Linde: But little Nora isnt as stupid as everyone thinks. (9). Again, this sentence reveals just a little bit more about her character and shows that despite Torvalds teasing, she is capable of more than being his little squirrel or sky-lark. Eventually, we learn exactly what Nora has been keeping under wraps from Torvald, she says: I was the one who saved Torvalds life (13). By revealing this dark secret of hers, we learn a great deal about Noras character. The fact that she thought to borrow the money (a concept surely unthinkable to most women of this time) shows that she is intelligent and at the same time courageous for being willing to break the law out of love for her husband. The way in which she pays back the loan is also quite admirable,  I have had some other sources of income, of course. Last winter I was lucky enough to get quite a bit of copying to do. So I shut myself up every night and sat and wrote through to the small hours of the morning. Oh, sometimes I was so tired, so tired. But it was tremendous fun all the same, sitting there working and earning money like that. It was almost like being a man. (16) Her years of secret labour, which she has undertaken to pay off the debt, show Noras fierce determination as well as ambition. The last sentence: It was almost like being a man also reveals more about her character, she enjoys and longs to experience the power and freedom which men can experience, which is perhaps a catalyst for her later actions.  In the final scene, when all is revealed about Noras loan and her secret toil, Torvalds response is to shun Nora and blame her for tarnishing his reputation: Now you have ruined my entire happiness, jeopardised my whole future. (76). As far as Nora is concerned, this moment in the play is the turning point for her. Her mistreatment and urge for transgressive behaviour which have been kept under control by her throughout the play finally overpower her and she finally awakens to what is happening around her,  I have been performing tricks for you, Torvald. Thats how Ive survived. You wanted it like that. You and Papa have done me a great wrong. Its because of you Ive made nothing of my life.  This moment is powerful in terms of the revelation of Noras character, she will no longer be marginalised and she can finally be free from Torvalds tyranny. .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd , .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd .postImageUrl , .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd , .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd:hover , .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd:visited , .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd:active { border:0!important; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd:active , .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Crucible' wrote by Arthur Miller EssayTorvald is another character who is gradually revealed throughout the play. He begins as a domineering and forceful husband and although he tries to maintain a hold on Nora, he is later revealed to be a weak and self conscious man. Nora hides the fact that she is the reason he is still alive and Dr Rank will not let Torvald visit him on his death bed because he believes: Torvald is so fastidious, he cannot face up to anything ugly. It is almost as if Torvald is like a child, unable to face up to the truth and as a result he must be sheltered from the realities of life. The idea of Torvald being uncovered as a childish character comes into play again later on when he reveals the reason he objects to working with Krogstad.  We knew each other rather well when we were younger. It was one of those rather rash friendships that prove embarrassing in later life. Theres no reason why you shouldnt know we were once on terms of some familiarity. And he, in his tactless way makes no attempt to hide the fact, particularly when other people are present. (43)  With this speech, Torvald shows just how immature and petty he actually is, sacking somebody on the basis that they are too friendly and not his equal. Torvald rejects Noras plea that he keep Krogstad on at the bank because of his self consciousness and concern at what others might think of him should he give in so easily to his wifes requests.  Oh, nothing! As long as the little woman gets her own stubborn way! Do you want me to make myself a laughing stock in the office?Give people the idea that I am susceptible to any kind of outside pressure (42)  This act of selfishness shows that he prioritises his own reputation over his wifes desire. The character of Krogstad is another which is gradually revealed in the course of the play. As the plays antagonist, Krogstad appears as a villain at first, but we later see that he, like Nora has been wronged by society and has also contemplated suicide as a way out: Most of us think of that to begin with. I did, too; but I didnt have the courage (53). Although the revelation of his character is not as clear as Noras and Torvalds, there is still a change in him from the beginning. We as the audience are compelled to feel at least some sympathy for him, as he tries in vain to salvage his reputation in order to save his children from hardship. In conclusion, it is fair to say that a major concern of Ibsens play is the revelation of characters, however, we cannot ignore the criticisms of society which are without a doubt present in his works. In A Dolls House, Ibsen shows us how Nora transforms herself from a submissive and marginalised housewife, to a free and independent woman, while Torvald loses the power he thought he had. Perhaps it is because of society that people can only gradually reveal their characters. Nora longs to say damn, but because it is seen as socially unacceptable to say it, she must refrain. Ibsen could be seen as criticising societys boundaries because they stop people from expressing themselves.