Kaplan And Johnson s Theory Of Management Accounting

Introduction Kaplan and Johnson’s theory in 1987 for management accounting system has been dubbed one of the most prominent academic publication to date. Activity Based Costing Otley (2008) explained that management accounting was obsolete and managers were encouraging the sale of unprofitable products and neglecting profitable products. The managers were unaware of the situation due to the traditional costing system that gave the wrong information. Traditional costing’s method for cost allocation is mainly based on direct labour hour which meant dividing using direct labour cost and would eventually lead to inaccurate information for managers. Kaplan and Johnson then develop Activity Based Costing (ABC) to provide a more accurate information for managers. The ABC would show a profitable product under traditional costing to be in fact unprofitable and vice-versa. Their academic publication lead to major change in management accounting, there were more management accounting development and publication in 20 years when compared to the 20 years before their publication. Kaplan and Johnson suggested that the poor academic publication on management accounting around the year of 1925 was the main setback for management accounting. According to Lowry (2008), Kaplan and Johnson failed to take into account that the progress technological advances this century. They also failed to take into account the relationship of other industries for management accounting, Kaplan and Johnson’sShow MoreRelatedIf You Cant Measure It You Cant Manage It1520 Words   |  7 Pagesacademic expert; Deming, Drucker, Kaplan, this is another list that could go on, however, this is a statement that has not been made without critism. This report will have a brief overview of the popularity of accounting measures, and then we will apply the â€Å"If you can’t measure it you can’t manage it† ideas to some specific contexts in order to demonstrate different views on the topic. Finally, we will conclude with our opinion. Discussion Cost and management control information became of greatRead MoreThe Activity-Based Costing Method- Development and Applications5338 Words   |  22 PagesThe Activity-Based Costing Method: Development and Applications Gregory Wegmann* This paper analyzes the management accounting applications, which try to improve the Activity-Based Costing (ABC) method. First, the paper describes them using the Strategic Management Accounting (SMA) stream. Then it presents the main features of these applications. Second, the paper examines in detail two of these features: the widening of the analysis perimeter and the relevant level of details to analyze theRead MoreManagement Accounting Change2028 Words   |  9 PagesDescribe the ‘Challenge of Management Accounting Change’ in light of recent research findings and discuss, how can this change help an organisation, in getting its strategic, tactical and operating objectives? Management accounting change and the continuously changing roles of management accountants have dominated accounting literature for the past few decades and the theme of management accounting change procedures has beenRead MoreImplementing Performance Measurement Systems: a Literature Review9421 Words   |  38 PagesInt. J. Business Performance Management, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2003 1 Implementing performance measurement systems: a literature review Mike Bourne* and Andy Neely Centre for Business Performance, School of Management, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK E-mail: m.bourne@cranfield.ac.uk *Corresponding author John Mills and Ken Platts Centre for Strategy and Performance, Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Mill Lane, Cambridge, CB2 1RX, UK Abstract: Currently, thereRead MoreLiterature Review Performance Management and the Balanced Scorecard6479 Words   |  26 PagesLiterature Review Since the Balanced Scorecard was developed in the 1990’s by Robert Kaplan and David Norton (1992), it has gained in popularity amongst academics and practitioners. In 1990, Kaplan and Norton led a research study of a lot of companies with the purpose of exploring the new methods of performance management. The importance of the study was an increasing belief that the financial measures of performance management were not as effective as before with the development of modern businessRead MoreWhat Factors Drive Change in5925 Words   |  24 PagesMALAYSIAN ACCOUNTING REVIEW Volume 7 No. 1 July 2008 Sponsored by: Accounting Research Institute Faculty of Accountancy Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia Malaysian Accountancy Research and Education Foundation (A Trust Body Sponsored by the Malaysian Institute of Accountants) WHAT FACTORS DRIVE CHANGE IN MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN MALAYSIAN ORGANISATIONS? Suzana Sulaiman Aliza Ramli Accounting Research Institute Faculty of Accountancy Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia FalconerRead MoreStrategic Management Accounting13457 Words   |  54 Pagesthis journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0951-3574.htm AAAJ 21,2 Strategic management accounting: how far have we come in 25 years? Kim Langï ¬ eld-Smith Monash University, Melbourne, Australia Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the origins of strategic management accounting and to assess the extent of adoption and â€Å"success† of strategic management accounting (SMA). Design/methodology/approach – Empirical papers which have directly researched SMARead MoreActivity Based Costing From The Perspective Of Competitive Advantage Essay1824 Words   |  8 PagesAnyadiegwu Peace Ebele1, Prof. Ifurueze Meshach S. 2 1, 2 Department of Accountancy Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University (COOU) Igbariam, Anambra State Email: ebele_okpala@yahoo.com Phone: +2348038947784 ABSTRACT The focus of this study was to examine activity based costing from the perspective of competitive advantage. ABC can support the strategic management process and provide significant benefit to organizations. This examination utilized the contingency theory as a theoretical basis for the study.Read MoreManagement Accounting And Practices Of Small And Medium Enterprises5055 Words   |  21 Pagesinformation about Management Accounting and the practices of Small and medium Enterprises, bringing out the interdependence and interrelation of one to the other. 2.2 Overview of Management Accounting Management accounting was first known as cost accounting. This origin was reflected in the earlier title for practitioners of cost or works accountants (Wilson and Chua, 1988). Accounting historians have long endorsed the view that cost accounting is a product of the industrial revolution (Johnson, 1981). ForRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesContemporary Issues in Management Accounting This page intentionally left blank Contemporary Issues in Management Accounting Edited by ALNOOR BHIMANI 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico

Youth And Adult Criminal Justice System - 1406 Words

For many youth in America it is expected that they will graduate high school and move on to higher education, likely at a traditional public four year institution. According to the National Center for Education Statistics (2016) website, of the 20.5 million students who attended college in the Fall of 2016, 14.9 million of them attended a public four year institution. That is just under 75% of American college students. For the general population of American youth who did not attend college after high school graduation, factors keeping them from going to college may be finances, support at home or school, access to important information or technology, or just the ability to be mobile. Youth with criminal backgrounds have all of this to†¦show more content†¦Not all schools have a spot on their application for declaring criminal history. But Custer (2016) examines the new push for colleges to examine admission policies for individuals with a criminal record. More and more colleges are feeling pressure to put these policies in place. The article indicated that â€Å"campus safety† may be behind this reasoning, but there is no evidence available to indicate that these policies actually make a significant difference. He points out that these policies could actually stunt the process of an individual trying to break away from criminal patterns by hindering the ability to obtain further education. Authors Halkovic Greene (2015) discuss similar admissions policies and barriers in their article. They also talk about how these policies reinforce the negative stigmas associated with criminality, instead of giving the students a chance to grow and change, and even positively contribute to the school. They say that these students have many gifts to share with schools including the desire to give back, and bridging academia with underserved populations. Should the students get into a school without these policies, or somehow get past these policies, another barrier to contend with is federal financial aid eligibility. Lovenheim Owens (2014) explored this barrier. In 2001 amendments were made to the Higher Education Act thatShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Delinquency : Should Severity Of Punishment For Young Offenders Be The Same As Adults?1200 Words   |  5 Pagesof Punishment for Young Offenders Be the Same as Adults? Throughout centuries of development, crime and social safety are still the biggest concerns for a country since it can influence the political, economic, and social aspects. With the evolution of human civilization, more than seventy percent of the world has been urbanized into developed countries. These countries contain advanced technologies, highly-comprehensive policies and economic system. Along with the inclusive developments, â€Å"the lawRead MoreIs Canadas Youth Justice System Fair and Equitable1259 Words   |  6 PagesThe Youth Justice System deals with 12-17 year olds in trouble with the law. It uses a rehabilitative method to deal with youth. It makes sure the youth are provided with meaningful consequences for their actions and then reintegrates them back into society. The Youth Justice System brings up a lot of question and the main one is: Is Canada’s Youth Justice System fair and equitable? A lot of people argue that it is too lenient while others say it is a great method for dealing with youth. The YouthRead MoreThe Abolition Of The Juvenile Justice System1748 Words   |  7 Pagesbehaviour that are committed by youths. This is a court system that fully distinguishes youths from adults as far as crime is concerned where their misconduct is labeled as delinquent acts rather than crime (Barry, 1987, p. 476). Youth are presumed to have less understanding of social norms and they are less aware of the long-term consequences of their behaviour. Unlike punishment or reprimanding, the juvenile court system acts as a rehabilitation facility for youth offenders (Barry,1993, p. 204)Read MoreHow Effective Is The Youth Justice System Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction How effective is the Youth Justice System in responding to youth crime? Since the arrival of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) came into effect, the crime rates have decreased. Previously Canada had one of the highest youth incarceration rates in the western world. However since the Youth Criminal Justice Act got put into place in 2003, the crime rates have declined significantly. The Youth Justice System does their best to better and rehabilitate the adolescents that get intoRead MoreA Child With Adult Consequences Essay1688 Words   |  7 PagesWith Adult Consequences Adults are held accountable for their actions and expected to abide by the laws and if they do not there are consequences to follow. Some punishments can be as little as a monetary fine, or as detrimental as life imprisonment. Today, some children face these exact consequences depending on their actions. Certain children are held accountable for their actions and punished as adults in an adult courtroom depending on the offense and the jurisdiction. According to Youth JusticeRead MoreFinal Exam : Youth And Justice905 Words   |  4 PagesFinal Exam: Youth and Justice Introduction Changes in public opinion, as well as criminal justice legislation, have transformed for the purposes of recognizing the unique role that crime plays in the lives of youth. That is, it has become widely recognized that the justice system cannot treat youth offenders with the same response that adult offenders are treated with. In fact, Minaker and Hogeveen (2009) support this claim and state that youth require â€Å"a qualitatively different response† (p. 249)Read MoreThe Main Aim Of Eradicating Criminal From The Society1439 Words   |  6 PagesCrimes The main aim of eradicating criminal from the society is to enhance peaceful coexistence among people and to aid development. In this regard, individuals who fail to fit in this setting should be eradicated regardless of their age and made responsible for their actions. Releasing murderers, rapists, and other criminals from jail after serving a lenient and short sentence does not rehabilitate them in any way. In this regard, all those who are engaged in criminal activities that risk the life ofRead MoreJust Mercy Essays : Juveniles Being Tried As Adults1407 Words   |  6 PagesStevenson’s â€Å"Just Mercy† stories of juveniles being tried as adults, Jason Zeidenberg in the article â€Å"The Risks Juveniles Face When They Are Incarcerated with Adults† strongly emphasizes the dangers and consequences that juveniles face when they are tried as adults. Zeidenberg states the consequences of juveniles being raped, assaulted, committing suicide and the effects of bein g victimized. Children who are housed in the same facility as Adults is not a good idea nor a good mix, according to ZeidenbergRead MoreYouth Criminal Justice Act Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pagescontinue the government established the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) which gives young offenders a chance to better themselves, and. By doing so, the YCJA helps teach youth that their actions are unacceptable and the punishments imposed are lesser then an adult. Through the analysis of their unacceptable actions, lesser punishments and a better future, it is clear that YCJA is highly effective at giving youth a better chance in society. The YCJA teaches youth that their actions were unacceptableRead MoreThe Development Of A Juvenile Criminal Justice System1740 Words   |  7 PagesStates of America, crime rates among the youth under the age of 18 years have significantly increased. This phenomenon is attributed to various factors, among them being family disintegration, school dropouts and other antisocial behaviors. Therefore, the development of a juvenile criminal justice system was crucial as it is tailored to distinguish the judicial process related to juvenile crimes. Various facilities such as specialized detention centers and youth centers are also put in place in order

Professional Nursing Synthesis Portfolio Free Essays

In Appendix __ and ___ (Case studies and Rhabdomyisis), I have been able to exhibit   critical thinking. I have been able to undertake analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of data gathered from observation, experience, reflection, or communication as a guide to belief or action. I have also been able to acquire substantial clinical reasoning which entails a capacity to remember facts, organize them in a meaningful whole, and then apply the information in a clinical patient care situation. We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Nursing Synthesis Portfolio or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a nurse, I can make use of reasoning to help in formulating principles or guidelines as a basis for my nursing practice judgment decisions. II. Decision Making Skills In Appendix ___ (Ethical Dilemma), I have significantly enhanced my decision making skills. As a novice, I acquire clinical judgment and skill over time. Knowledge is refined through actual clinical experience; this moves me from a rule-based, context-free stage to a more analytical, logical and intentional pattern of thinking. To effectively provide a conducive learning environment, I have been exposed to venues for examining and developing my problem solving and reasoning skills towards making clinical judgments. These venues transpire through numerous learning experiences, one of which are ethical dilemmas. III. Nursing Care and Management of Clients In Appendices __ and ___ (Case studies and Mariners Harbor project), I have effectively enhanced my skills in nursing care and management of clients. These experiences can help me in developing the learner from the novice phase to being an advanced beginner in nursing. Experiences such as this enable the formation of meaningful related information on the basis of what I have learned in the classroom. There is an expectation that with more experience, I can move from the level of advanced beginner to the level of competence by program completion. Clinical judgment is defined as nursing decisions about which areas to assess, analyzing health data, prioritizing which task to do, and who should carry it out. For clinical judgment to be assessed as sound, it should be arrived at using critical thinking and logical reasoning, that will enable the deduction of valid conclusions, and the decisions that may be borne from these. IV. Effective Communication, Collaboration and Negotiation In Appendix ___ (Visiting hours in the ICU), I have been able to appreciate the importance of working with multidisciplinary professionals. I realized that synergy and collaboration are important for the ultimate welfare of the patient. This set-up also allows for his holistic healing. V.   Professional values and behaviors In Appendix __ (Nursing Philosophy), I was able to hone my professional values and behaviors. I believe that while technical competence is a core requisite to becoming a successful nurse practitioner, being values and ethics driven are equally important. In the absence of policies or concrete guiding principles, values are the only guideposts on which decisions may be hinged or anchored against. I am thankful that I was taught ethics and have also had the opportunity to make ethical decisions on the basis of such knowledge. I realized that deciding with a clean conscience makes for competent and sound nursing practice, which substantially determines nursing effectiveness. VI.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Teaching and Learning My experience in being a nurse educator has further been honed through Appendix __ (Mariners Harbor Outreach) where I was able to instruct indigents and minority patients about palliative care. I felt that this has brought me a step closer to my aspiration of being a nurse educator. As a future nurse educator / coach, I would like to conduct research projects, participate in professional associations and interact with other nursing academics and practitioners. I would also continue to practice my profession in the clinical setting. This is an effective tool in ensuring that I continue to be clinically competent as I train future nurses. VII.     Research Through integrated literature reviews and critiques (Appendix __ and ___), I have been able to hone my research skills. I have learned how to critically analyze both quantitative and qualitative data to be able to draw meaningful conclusions from them. These exercises on critical thinking and analysis have forged the theoretical foundation of my nursing practice, which is applied and honed in the clinical setting. These have taught me how to read and understand statistics, as well as data drawn from qualitative methods. Critiques have also allowed me to point out the limitations of research studies and ascertain the validity of research results. VIII.  Ã‚   Leadership Through Appendix __ (Nursing Philosophy paper), I have been able to strengthen my resolve in being a transformational leader-nurse. I have learned that being a charismatic or transformational leader entails articulate a realistic vision of the future that can be shared, stimulate subordinates intellectually, and pay attention to the differences among the subordinates. By defining the need for change, creating new visions, and mobilizing commitment to these visions, leaders can ultimately transform organizations. In effect, the ultimate goal was to make a real dent in the lives of people that I come in contact with by helping them authentically. IX.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Management In Appendices ___ and ___ (Nursing change paper/ Visiting hours paper), I have come to appreciate the importance of working within a multidisciplinary setting. Such appreciation has also helped me appreciate diversity and synergy in working with other professionals. X.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lifelong learning and professional career development In Appendices __ and ___ (Alziheimers project/ Does advanced practice†¦ nursing paper), I have broadened my career horizons. Through these, I have manifested how I have progressed in the practice and have also been able to open new doors for learning and for sharing these wins with my colleagues. How to cite Professional Nursing Synthesis Portfolio, Essay examples

Should Students Wear School Uniforms Essay Example For Students

Should Students Wear School Uniforms Essay Schools today arent in the best condition. There is teasing, violence, discrimination, cliques, and poverty. There is much to say about how having mandatory school uniforms will help these problems. My question is, will uniforms help these problems enough to dismiss the hurt that they would cause? I say the uniforms do little to help. Having uniforms would stop the teasing and discrimination about clothing, but there is more to tease or discriminate someone about rather than just clothing. Such as hygiene, looks, personality, intelligence, race, and the list goes on. So unless people somehow find a way to be perfect in everyones opinion, teasing and discrimination wont stop. As for violence, its the same story. Uniforms would only stop the smallest percentage. In some ways uniforms actually make violence less preventable by eliminating one major warning sign. For example the black trench coats that were worn in by the murderers at Colorados Columbine High School shooting. Of course Im not saying we should arrest anyone who wears a trench coat, but the way that someone dresses can say a lot about their personality. If youre thinking that uniforms will end symbols of being in a gang such as gang colors,think about how many other ways that a gang member could symbolize that they were in a gang such as rolling up your sleeve or leaving out the tag on your shirt. Uniforms wouldnt help stop cliques. People have cliques because in a clique you have the same interests as each other, you can relate to each other, you get along with one another, etc. not because you shop at the same stores. Wearing the same thing as someone else would hardly help the poverty issue. It doesnt change the fact that you are poor. It just masks the fact that you cant afford new clothes but there are other, less noticeable signs of poverty like never having lunch money, or at the high school level, your car could be a sign. In my survey of Douglas High School students and teachers, the percentage of people that wanted school uniforms was about the same as the percentage who were against them; but the people who wanted school uniforms didnt have very good reasons of why they wanted them and they didnt seem to have thought about what uniforms were capable of. One student surveyed answered the question, what are some advantages of wearing school uniforms? by saying, You dont get judged! No stereotypes! . Another answered the same question by saying, Uniforms look cool! And you dont have to worry about what to wear the next day. . Both of these students answered the question about the disadvantag es of having school uniforms by saying there are no disadvantages. The anti-uniform students seemed to have thought more and were able to give extra comments and answer questions keeping in mind the advantages as well as the disadvantages. For example one student surveyed said, Uniforms would crush the personal style and individuality of the student body. they also added this in the comments section, When adolescents are in high school it is a critical stage in mental development. The personality is able to evolve and expand; uniforms would only be a ninderance. . A teacher who was surveyed wrote, Students today are trying to find out who they are and their style of dress is an expression of their personality and character. I do not believe uniforms are the answer. . Individuality is what makes the school interesting. I do realize that there are other ways to be an individual and express yourself besides your clothing, but clothing does play a big role in showing others what you are like and finding out who you want to be. I think that if we were to compare the damage that wearing uniforms causes to the good that wearing them would do, we would realize that uniforms do more bad than good and we could concentrate on finding real solution to all of the problems in schools. .u482b3a43040233bdef554466fdd07e8b , .u482b3a43040233bdef554466fdd07e8b .postImageUrl , .u482b3a43040233bdef554466fdd07e8b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u482b3a43040233bdef554466fdd07e8b , .u482b3a43040233bdef554466fdd07e8b:hover , .u482b3a43040233bdef554466fdd07e8b:visited , .u482b3a43040233bdef554466fdd07e8b:active { border:0!important; } .u482b3a43040233bdef554466fdd07e8b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u482b3a43040233bdef554466fdd07e8b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u482b3a43040233bdef554466fdd07e8b:active , .u482b3a43040233bdef554466fdd07e8b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u482b3a43040233bdef554466fdd07e8b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u482b3a43040233bdef554466fdd07e8b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u482b3a43040233bdef554466fdd07e8b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u482b3a43040233bdef554466fdd07e8b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u482b3a43040233bdef554466fdd07e8b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u482b3a43040233bdef554466fdd07e8b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u482b3a43040233bdef554466fdd07e8b .u482b3a43040233bdef554466fdd07e8b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u482b3a43040233bdef554466fdd07e8b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Martin Luther King Jr Segregation EssayWords/ Pages : 677 / 24

Christianity Crisis Essays - Hermeneutics, Continental Philosophy

Christianity Crisis There was a time, not long ago, when the evangelical community had considerable consensus on lifestyle questions and social issues. We generally agreed on what we should eat and drink and how we might spend our weekends. There was little debate over definitions of vulgarity or morality, and questions of fashion were rarely a matter for discussion. In those days, everyone knew how a family should be raised, and aberrations such as divorce and abortion were simply that: problems found only among hose outside the fold. All of that has changed. Today there is considerable disagreement on such questions, and where there is not disagreement, there is often a reluctant silence or unwillingness to enter into discussion on these questions. The problem is complicated by the fact that these issues do not always fall neatly into those familiar gaps found among genders, generations, and geographies. Too often we find uneasy disagreement among parishioners or even among clergy in the same denomination. Similarly, tensions are found among teenagers or among parents and not simply between those two groups. In each case where such tensions exist, clear biblical and objective bases for evaluating our modern society are usually not found. Consequently, theological answers to these questions have generally not been helpful. That is not to say we should expect them to be. Much of the difficulty in dealing with contemporary social issues can be attributed to modernity with its tendency to pose problems that all outside of theological answers. Theology is designed to defend the faith and not to interpret modern culture or to help the believer live in it. It is the province of social science to understand modernity and to explain how it affects all of us. Theology cannot be expected to interpret the impact of computers on modern life any more than social science can be expected to explain the Trinity. What theology can do is to elucidate those universal principles given to us by God that social science may then interpret for modern living. My claim is that modern life has re-defined many of the practices that theology traditionally addressed. State lotteries, for example, have defined gambling in ways unfamiliar to theology. The revocation of blue laws concerned with Sunday openings has challenged the traditional meaning of the Sabbath. In a modern economy, the biblical meaning of poverty differsgreatly from the meaning found today. In each of these cases, traditional biblical interpretations do not address the questions experienced today. Consequently, there is a lag in theological thinking when contemporary social issues fall outside the boundof traditional theological answer. Our problem is to locate some common ground where theology and social science can join forces, some bridge between biblical truth and the application of that truth to modern social problems. I would argue that concepts found in scripture as well as in social science form a common, hermeneutical base for the analysis of modern social issues. Referred to here as "hidden threads," these concepts tie together, so to speak, the meaning God intended us to find in the world with meaning as we find it today. What is the meaning in the modern marriage that is faithful to God's plan and what has been added by humans? What is the meaning of money that God would have us keep and what modern thinking should be discarded? These questions can only be answered when theology and social science join forces. The harmful impact made by modernity on society and Christian thought justifies such an approach. To support that claim, I intend in this paper to: l) clarify the crises posed by modernity, 2) develop the conceptual foundation referred to here as "hidden threads" as it relates to these crises, and 3) encourage the development of a hermeneutic which benefits from the interpretations offered by theology and social science. Crisis of Meaning Much of traditional life was governed by the belief that society's rules and norms were appropriate for governing human relationships and were worthy of respect, if not full acceptance. Developments in Western culture over the past 30 years or so have reversed much of this belief and substituted the notion that people shape rules as they interact. Instead of fitting relationships into normative expectations, those relationships may now be used to define new norms for behavior. Consequently, there is no clear agreement on the meaning of either the norms or the behavior. In effect, modern culture is re-defining much of the meaning attributed by God to social life. Divorce has increasingly been accepted as the norm rather than the

Wealth of Nations essays

Wealth of Nations essays In the first book of The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith discusses the Variations in the Proportion between the respective Values of Gold and Silver. Throughout history, these two metals have been regarded as mints of significant value. Before mines were found in America, the difference in value between silver and gold was usually seen as proportionate, where one ounce of fine gold was considered equivalent to anywhere from ten to twelve ounces of fine silver. More recently, the values have changed as much as one ounce of fine gold to be equal to as much as fourteen or fifteen ounces of fine silver. Over the years, it is said that both silver and gold have dropped in value, but the drop of silver has come more rapidly, therefore leading to the reason why gold has become proportionately even more valuable than in the past. Smith does claim, however, that both the gold and silver mines of America exceeded in fertility all those which had ever been known before, the fertility of the silver mines had, it seems, been proportionally still greater than that of the gold ones. As a result of silver being more plentiful in comparison to gold, though it is considered less valuable it is certainly more important in many cases. Adam Smith says that it would be absurd to infer... that ... because an ounce of gold will commonly purchase from fourteen to fifteen ounces silver, that there are commonly in the market only fourteen or fifteen ounces of silver for one ounce of gold. The amount of silver that can be found in the market is in all probability worth more in proportion to gold. Adam Smith feels that the cheaper of the two metals is f both more value and greatness due to the quantity that is accessible. He explains, There are so many more purchasers for the cheap than for the dear commodity that not only a greater quantity of it, but a greater value, can commonly be disposed of. The...

Just in Time (JIT) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Just in Time (JIT) - Essay Example The strategy can be applied in UAE also. Gorica Group can implement this in their organization but there are some difficulties that the organization can face to implement this strategy. Just in time is a famous concept introduced in Japan in 1950. This business concept has significant contributions in the domain of production strategy or manufacturing business. Before the advent of JIT big manufacturing or product based organizations across the world were facing significant difficulties to manage their inventories. Companies across the world were storing high amounts of inventories in their warehouses. Inventory related problems were eating into their profitability. It was a significant matter of concern for the organizations. Returns on investments were low and inventory carrying costs were high. Philosophy of JIT is simple but it has utter importance as far as the inventory management is concerned. After the Second World War, Toyota President raised his voice and asked the Japanese automobile industry to pull up their shocks to compete well with the American automobile industry. During that period, American automakers were manufacturing nine times higher than the Japanese counter parts. It was the time when Japanese people first came up with this idea. With the help of this essay JIT will be discussed. Here in this study JIT will be defined in an elaborate fashion. The paper will also discuss various fundamental techniques related with Just in Time. The essay will analyze whether the concept is successful in Japan or not. In addition to all these it will also try to find whether the concept can be implemented in UAE. The concept will also be discussed on the context of an organization. Methodology is an integral part of any research paper. Importance of methodology cannot be denied at all. Methodology brings proper structure to a report. It is the way or process through which information and data are collected.

Population, Migration, Cultural and Language Geography Assignment

Population, Migration, Cultural and Language Geography - Assignment Example Islam is a term that is used to refer to that act of submitting or rather yielding to the will of God. On the other hand, a Muslim refers to an individual who submits, yields, or rather practices the will of God. A person who professes Islam must, therefore, believe in five important beliefs that guide their faith. The first pillar is that there is only one God worth worshipping and who is Allah. The second pillar requires Muslims to pray five times a day while facing the Holy city of Mecca. Thirdly, Muslims believe that they attain purification and growth each time they set out to give to charities. During the month of Ramadan, Muslims engage in fasting as a way of self-purification. Finally, this faith encourages Muslims, more so those who are physically and financially able, to make a pilgrimage journey to Mecca at least once in their lifetime. The church of Latter Day Saints is a restoration movement that falls under Protestantism. It was born from reformists who sought to break loose from religious practices which were largely viewed as discriminative and practically inapplicable. The reformers were also angered in the manner in which leadership of those churches was running its affairs. Saying that the â€Å"American English Language is an evolutionary product from British English† implies that the American English traces its origin to the British English and which has been slightly modified so as to appear unique or rather original. Ebonics is that kind of English mostly spoken by black American and which is made up of incorrectly spelt words or improper sentences. This is attributed to the blacks disinterest in understanding the basics of the correct American English language thus resulting in deteriorated English. Migration Geography is that branch of earth’s study that involves studying the movement of people from one place to the other and the various causes that trigger such movement. People normally move from one place to the other place for work or settlement for a number of reasons.

Sustainable business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sustainable business - Essay Example Landrum, Landrum and Edwards (2009, p. 4) define a sustainable business as that business which guarantees the â€Å"interest of all current and future stakeholders in a manner that ensures the long-term health and survival of the business and its associated economic, social, and environmental systems.† This makes us believe that sustainable businesses focus on how the business is going to affect the current and future consumers and what impact it is going to have on the overall environment. The objective is to create a positive difference in the environment or reducing the negative impact on the environment. We call that such a business is going green since it is environment friendly. A sustainable business is not only able to address the current needs of consumers but also works upon ensuring the well-being of future generations. There is a win-win situation between the business and the environment. Such businesses have built their reputation in the modern world because they boost the economy and provide the human beings with a healthier place to live

Accidental And Malicious Association: Wireless Networking

Accidental And Malicious Association: Wireless Networking Wireless network is a wireless communication between two interconnect nodes without the use of wires. Mobility lifts the requirement for a fixed point of connection to the network which allows users to move physically while using their devices. Mobiles computers such as laptops computer and personal digital assistants (PDAs), are the growing sector in computer industry 1. Wireless networks have many uses. A common is the portable office. Wireless networks are the common, both for organisations and individuals. Many notebooks computer have wireless card that allow connecting to a wireless network. However, wireless networking has many security issues, wireless has fewer physical assets to protect but at the same time there is no locked door on the airwaves so it is far easy to hack 2. Therefore, hacker found wireless network much more easily to break into. Wireless Security Wireless technology users security threat has been increased as the service become more popular. There are numbers of security threats with the current wireless protocols and encryption methods has been grown due to the carelessness and ignorance of the users and at corporate IT levels. Cracking has become easier with user-friendly Windows or Linux-based tool due to the easily availability on the web at no charge. Types of unauthorised access 1. Accidental association Violation of the security of a corporate network can come from a number of different methods. One of these referred to as accidental association. When a user turns on a computer and it latches on to a wireless network or wireless access point of a neighbouring firms overlapping network, the user may not even know that this is occurred. However this is the breach in security in that proprietary firm information is exposed and now there could exist a link from one company to the other and there might be a chance when a data is been transferred within a firm it can be at a risk and its integrity might have been compromised. 2. Malicious association Malicious association are when wireless network of a company is accessed by a wireless device such as cracking laptop instead of a company access point (AP). These types of laptops are known as soft APs. When thief gained accessed to the wireless network they can steal password or can plant a Trojans. 3. Ad-hoc networks Ad-hoc networks can pose a security threats, this network are defined as peer to peer networks between wireless computers which do not have an access point between them. Ad-hoc networks provide a bridge into other networks. In a company network environment its provided a bridge into other organisation network through unsecured ad-hoc connection. Ad-hoc network are defaults setting in most version of Microsoft Windows, it is turned on unless explicitly disable. There are basically two types of Bridging in Ad-hoc network. A direct bridge and a indirect bridge, direct bridge is created by a user who configure a bridge between two connections whereas indirect bridge has two security hazards. The first hazards is that important company data is been obtained via the secured network on the users end node computer drive, which exposed to discovery via the unsecured Ad-hoc network. The second hazards is that a virus was placed on the users computer via the unsecured Ad-hoc connection which make way to the company secured network. 4. Identity theft (MAC spoofing) When a hacker is able to listen into network traffic and identify the MAC address of a computer is called MAC spoofing. Some program has the sniffing capability which combines software that permits a computer to pretend it has any address that the hacker wished for. Wireless network system allow MAC filtering to some extend so that only authorised with specific MAC IDs can only access the network. When the wireless device is switch off or is off the air then only MAC filtering is effective. Any wireless devices (802.11) on the air transmit its unencrypted MAC address, which required no specific equipment or software to detect it. With any 802.11 receiver such as laptop and a freeware packet analyser can get the MAC address of any transmitting 802.11 device within range. In a company network where most of the wireless devices are on the air, MAC filtering provides security only to prevent unauthorised connection to the company infrastructure and does nothing to prevent a direct attack. 5. Man-in-the middle attacks. In this type of attack, attacker incites computers to log into a computer which is set up as a soft AP (Access point). After this hacker connects to a real Access point through another wireless device which maintains a steady flow of traffic through the transparent hacking computer to the real network which provide hacker to sniff the traffic. This attack usually disrupt the real connection and reconnecting with the hackers soft AP, these attacks are enhanced by software such as LANjack and AIRjack. Online books http://books.google.com/books?id=Ic6Ai8Y7LoACprintsec=frontcoverdq=wireless+networkshl=enei=UpbQTOfLF4HIswbozazNCAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepageqf=true date 2/11/10 http://books.google.com/books?id=XO5VjslHLasCprintsec=frontcoverdq=wireless+securityhl=enei=fZ3QTOSpAYORswbMurzNCAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepageqf=true date 2/11/10

marketing research :: essays research papers

In an article written by Laura Schneider, titled â€Å"Customer Relationships Are Key to Your Marketing Strategy† July 2003, she states that she could show a business how to increase sales by 50% without increasing a marketing budget. Her research indicates businesses have inactive customers that the owners believe will stay with the company, without maintaining or trying to grow in the relationship. Business owners often wonder why haven't they heard from a customer or if they left, why did they leave? There are many reasons a customer or client may leave, but the ones heard most often are:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They felt prices were too high or unfair.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They had an unresolved complaint.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They took a competitors offer.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They left because they felt the business didn't care. The last two options make up the majority of why a client or customer will no longer use a service or a product. Laura believes this makes sense because customers often purchase a service or product because they have developed a relationship with the company, or they owned another product, or a friend or associate referred them to you. When given with the aforementioned information she ponders the reasons why businesses spend 80% of their marketing dollars going after new customers and clients rather than nurturing, retaining, and maintaining the customer relationships they already have? She suggests before spending time and money going after new customers and clients that a business does not have a relationship to consider the following statistics:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Repeat customers spend 33% more than new customers.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Referrals among repeat customers are 107% greater than non-customers.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It costs six times more to sell something to a prospect than to sell that same thing to a customer. Laura believes the marketing dollar will go further if it is used to build, nurture, and develop current customer relationships. Building these relationships means treating customers and clients as if they are strategic partners and showing them that they are appreciated. It's important to try to satisfy them with the right products and services, supported by the right promotion and making it available at the right time and location. Customers can easily detect indifference and insincerity and they simply will not tolerate it. Long-term client and customer loyalty is a long-term challenge that you must strive for every day and with every transaction no matter how big or small. While a growing business needs to constantly capture new customers, the focus and priority should be on pleasing the existing customer base.