Agency Theory Versus Stewardship Theory Accounting Essay

Office Theory Versus Stewardship Theory Accounting Essay Jensen and Meckling (1976) characterized an office relationship as an authoritative set-up under which the entrepreneur or the chief connected with a supervisor or the specialist to execute some help for his sake and may as a rule involve some dynamic solely by the operator. The organization hypothesis spins on the essential suggestion about people, which manages principals and specialists as self-situated concentrating on abusing their own bit of leeway (Corbetta and Salvato, 2004; Chua, Steier and Chrisman, 2006). Shleifer and Vishny (1986) clarify the office setting in which the lenders required the operators specialization to get most extreme comes back from their assets, in the interim the supervisors since they need more capital all alone would use the accounts of its head. Organization hypothesis portrayed supervisors as crafty (Wasserman, 2006) by holding onto its ideal preferred position for his arrangement and job as the mover in the firm for its own advantage, to the detri ment of the head (Shulze, Lubatkin Dino, 2003). The two gatherings objective is to pick up that individual bit of leeway inside and out with the least expense and use. These uses are characterized as organization costs (Jensen and Meckling, 1976). This is the aggregate of money outpourings made by the head for its association be it in spending extents, inspecting, or representative honorariums; the costs brought about by the operator for money producing ventures and the negligible misfortune because of the decrease in the normal pay of the chief as brought about by the came about deviation of intentions between the specialists goals and the fundamental objective of the chief to get most extreme comes back from its speculations. Subsequently, high clashing of interests between the principals and specialists that came about because of data asymmetry is the principle explanation in an office hypothesis (Davis, Schoorman and Donaldson, 1997). Asymmetry of data between the two gatherings is shown when the administrator adjust his capac ities to the normal result, result and levelheadedness of the head (not knowing his own capacities) prompts fulfilling dynamic with respect to the head while this is a case of unfavorable determination for the operator (Karra, Tracey and Phillips, 2006). As a general rule, this prompts various non-acceptable in general exhibitions of the director which will in due time lead to the demolition of the firm and the notoriety of the operator (Jensen, 2004). Just as for the principals, their ineptitude of choosing applicants that demonstrations properly in all conditions are verifications of unfriendly choice. The result consistently involves an equivocal expected set of responsibilities on the two gatherings. All things considered, there are still a few factors that the office hypothesis neglects to bring up, other than persuasive or self-appreciation. These possibly are the inborn powerlessness or low capacity, poor information on business and falsehood of specialists that brought about their inability to convey elite for their principals (Davis, Schoorman and Donaldson, 1997). Moral danger as portrayed by Chrisman, Chua and Litz (2004) is another office issue stood up to by the corporate administration. Its another sort of advantage which incorporates using, seizing and expecting every additional profit by an appointed power to lead for benefit of the head. Since it is hard for the chief to screen operators, this authority is unquestionably gets an opportunity of being manhandled or abused by the directors. This issues arrangement is to adjust a decent observing framework and interior self-administration by the key which involves organization cost (Eisenhardt, 1989). As talked about by Berle and Means in 1932, an organization doesn't act based with the customary model in which the operators must act to the greatest advantage of the proprietors of the firm. In all probability as an outcome, the primary at that point would ensure that the supervisors would act to their greatest advantage. Formulating an agreement is depended upon by the office hypothesis to adjust the thought processes of the two gatherings concerned. The objective is to adjust the goal by apportioning augmented qualities for investors and included impetuses and advantages for the chiefs. Council reviews and execution assessments by the board may go about as compelling power instrument for checking and investigating possibly deft specialists (Mustakallio, Autio and Zahra, 2002). This inner administration framework as an answer for guarantee the consistence of the specialists limited by the agreement will at the same time be given to a non-official organization who will be made out of reviewers, administrators and other auxiliary plans. This non-official piece of the possession structure fills in as the center man interconnecting the head and the specialist having a job in checking, consequently expanding a colossal impact in the change or variety in charge (Denis, 2001). Corresponding to corporate administration, genuine activities against misleadings and different met hods of falseness may give some stronghold with respect to the head. Monetary investigation proposes that consolidating these answers for the firm may extensively dispense with advantage. In any case, there are still factors that should be considered in this extraordinary structure of the firm that is made for interior administration of which different types of advantage may emerged in those depended with duty to mind the administrators of the firm. The examination made by Yermack in 1999 recommends that the board especially its piece as a power to screen supervisors affects the administration instrument. The examination on the impact of little governing body in an organization got the noteworthy outcome that there is a positive relationship of this little size to more noteworthy market valuation of an organization. Then, Hannifa and Hudaib (2006) remains with the consequence of Yermack demonstrating results dependent on in excess of 300 organizations recorded in Malaysia which suggested that a huge board is less proficient in evaluating the exhibition of the directors contrasted with a littler one. Besides, this tremendous structure of the board is very costly for the organizations to keep up as far as honorariums, commissions and remuneration. In any case, as far as benefit and friends development, the huge board may appear to be of significance as a result of the decent variety in encounters, information and responsibility. B y the by, the examination made by Guest in 2009, demonstrated a solid outcome on the non-connection of the huge board size to the firm execution anyway they additionally powerfully infer that they dont recommend to limit huge sheets to acquire a superior firm presentation. Every one of these endeavors executed by principals to stay away from office issues, disapproving of the way that there are still administrators that wont convey precisely what theyre expected to, involves organization costs as talked about. Frequently, the objective of the chief is to limit office expenses and spotlight on benefit regardless of whether not in development. Here comes the contention of sorting out the head operator relationship (Shapiro, 2005) wherein the thought is exemplified however the measures are frequently deficient, in this manner the arrangement of the interests of the head and supervisor is scarcely ever supreme. A control-arranged firm is then viewed as essential under office hypothesis which recommends that specialists won't act to exploit the profits to the head if and just if deliberate self-administration components are executed in the firm to secure the investors premium (Jensen and Meckling, 1976). Stewardship hypothesis In 1993, Block accepts that organizations actualizing stewardship by front-running help rather than personal responsibility are those that are best in corporate administration. He accepts that both the firm and individual needs will be incredibly accomplished by setting up trust-connections and regarding subordinates as accomplices. Preston (1998) included a meaning of Stewardship Theory to epitomize sympathetic obligations owed to all accomplices that perceives the significance of a deliberate attack of corporate administration thinking about the components of its condition. Hosmer in 1996 distinguishes the need to enlarge the monetary and social duties in administration by perceiving the good and moral issues inalienable in the stewardship hypothesis. The chiefs job in stewardship hypothesis is to boost the capability of the firm and to seek after long haul riches securing with hierarchical and singular wants best cultivated by surveying aggregate finishes (Hosmer, 1996). The objec tive is on accepting responsibility and accountability for the hierarchical network. The model of a supervisor ought to be as a steward whose conduct is requested and authoritative; whose collectivistic conduct is of higher worship than individualistic, self-serving conduct (Albanese, et al 1997). They embody that man being clever makes objective, not nonsensical choices, not at all like organization proposers who contest stewardship. Stewardship hypothesis see representatives as resources of the firm as the office did yet they vary in their treatment of the human instincts inspiration and capacity of control. A genuine steward is driven by his need of self-realization, development and accomplishment without being pioneering and self-intrigued by his presentation (Mejia et al., 2001). Stewardship philosophy recommends that corporate administration structures should practice propelled authority and judiciousness. (Davis et al, 1997) .The advocates talked about that elevated level of power and attentiveness is achieved when the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) likewise take on the situation of Chairman of the Board. Stewardship rule contends that the issue is whether the proprietorship structure helps and encourages in the administration accomplishment of high corporate and firm execution. At the point when the CEO is additionally the director of the board, the association will be facilitative of this target letting them accept obvious, clear and target job desires and approve and enable higher and more prominent administration. Therefore, stewardship hypothesis isn't brought together on self-inspiration thro

Management of human resource Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The board of human asset - Assignment Example This will result to mistakes in appraisal. The last factor could be the changing activity conditions that may move the goal line that were being utilized in the evaluation (Hosie, 2006). Appropriate correspondence of the outcomes and discoveries is a way that an individual can apply to lady of the hour the hole between the desire and the genuine result (Hosie, 2006). Another way that can be applied to cover this distinction is through critical thinking, which will take out all types of blunders, and wastages in the tasks. Blunders add to a diminishing in execution, and subsequently, keeping away from them would be beneficial. An individual who is being appraised can likewise take a shot at relational connections that will cultivate collaboration and participation among the kindred laborers (Chingos, 2002). The individual surveying the rating ought to accommodate the distinction by advancing the authority soul among the laborers (Chingos, 2002). This will empower constant self-assessment in the as a representative plays out the undertakings that are doled out to them, and appreciate more employment fulfillment. The individual ought to likewise obtain a superior comprehension of the multisource strategy to maintain a strategic distance from subterranean insect y potential mix-ups. The technique that he decides to utilize ought to be pertinent to the idea of the business activities (Chingos,

Law and Ethics in Wise Blood - Literature Essay Samples

Flannery O’Connor’s Wise Blood addresses the laws and ethics of 20th Century America. Laws and ethics may seem to correlate, but Wise Blood shows that such is not always the case. Laws may claim to have ethical origins and serve ethical purposes, but Wise Blood shows otherwise. The conflict between law and ethics can be seen during Hazel Motes interaction with the police officer and the non-ethical origins of laws can be seen within the bathroom Motes uses after stepping off the train. The police officer represents the disconnect between what the law says and how the law is enforced; the bathroom shows the unethical basis of some laws. As a whole, Wise Blood shows the relationship, or lack-thereof, between law and ethics. Laws and ethics first conflict early in the novel when Hazel Motes is confronted by a police officer. Motes begins crossing a busy street but the police officer stops him and chastises him for jaywalking. Within this interaction between Motes, a regular citizen, and the police officer, a representative of the law, one can see how a person’s ethics are not always reflective of governing laws. The police officer claims to protect all races and genders equally, yet from his behavior and vocabulary suggest that he is a corrupt officer who treats everyone, especially minorities, poorly. Through his blatant disrespect of the police officer, Motes, an average citizen, shows how people respect both the law and those who enforce the law. This seemingly small and simple interaction on a street corner serves as a microcosm of 20th Century America. O’Connor uses the police officer as a symbol of law in the mid-20th Century. The officer’s actions represent the government and its laws. Speaking of the traffic lights, the police officer preaches equality to Motes. Speaking to Motes, the officer says, â€Å"Maybe you thought the red ones was for white folks and the green ones for niggers†¦ Men and women, white folks and niggers, all go on the same light† (41). The officer claims that all people, regardless of race and/or gender, are equal. This assertion may be true under the law, however the police officer’s personal ethics, which also represent the ethics of the government, imply that not everyone is seen as or treated equally. The officer’s language and word choice show that African Americans, and likely other minorities, are equal under the law, but not in the personal eyes of many authorities. The police officer refers Caucasians as â€Å"white folks,† but when speaking of African Americans, he uses the derogatory â€Å"nigger† instead of saying â€Å"black folks† or any other non-discriminatory term. The police officer’s reference to African Americans in comparison to Caucasians shows that a person’s ethics may be in conflict with the laws they follow or enforce. The police officer also shows how lawful authority can corrupt a person’s ethics. The power the officer possesses has gone to his head. He speaks down to Motes in a very supercilious tone. Although he has the intent of enforcing the law for Motes’ safety, the officer turns the simple interaction into a spectacle for people to see. Rather than correcting Motes’ illegal actions, the officer uses sarcasm in an attempt to be funny and entertain a gathering crowd. His job is to uphold the law, but the police officer chooses to act more like an entertainer or a comedian. The officer has the ethical responsibility to enforce the law, but his actions show how said responsibility has morally corrupted him. In contrast to the police officer, Hazel Motes represents the average citizen. Motes’ interactions with the law and its enforcer begin to question the laws themselves. Motes blatantly and knowing breaks the law in front of a police officer. Laws are designed to protect citizens yet Motes puts himself at risk instead of waiting for the light to change . Motes’ actions question the ethicality of the law, and the authority of all laws in general. Laws have no purpose if people do not follow them. Ultimately, people choose whether or not to live ethically. Further, Hazel Motes also ignores the officer’s repeated whistles while crossing the street during a stop light and Motes then lies to the officer when he claims to have never seen the light. Several ethical issues arise. This interaction questions whether or not one must listen to an authority figure who is cynical, rude, and ethically corrupt. Motes’ words and actions show that police officers have no special right to be sarcastic, disrespectful, or condescending. The arrogant police officer is receiving the same treatment he is giving, and as a representative of the law, he must be held to a higher ethical standard. Neither Motes nor the police officer respects the other man; the poor relationship between citizens and laws is highlighted within the interaction between Motes and the police officer. Race is clearly an issue to the police officer. He nonchalantly repeats the word â€Å"nigger† several times. He claims to support civil rights but his personality s uggests otherwise. This unequal, unethical treatment of African Americans comes from the law. Unethical laws regarding race are seen at the beginning of Chapter 2. Racism and segregation are clearly presented as issues in the town in which Motes is from. Motes’ enters a bathroom with a sign reading â€Å"MEN’S TOILET. WHITE.† (26). Those who demanded the segregation of the bathrooms would argue that white people are superior to other races, but upon further inspection of the bathroom situation, their argument fails to hold up. The law seeks to keep African Americans separate from Caucasians because that is what is considered the ethical thing to do, however, in reality, this is obviously an unethical law. Most of the Caucasian characters presented in the story are clearly no moral role models to be followed. The white-only bathrooms are not the area of purity that they are made out to be. The room was once â€Å"a bright cheerful yellow† (26) when it first opened, but human interference corrupted it to become â€Å"nearly green and [decorated] wit h handwriting and with various detailed drawings of the parts of the body of both men and women† (26). The restroom was also polluted by other doodles as well as the names and addresses of local prostitutes (26). The Caucasians of Wise Blood believe they are ethically, and generally, superior to minorities, yet their actions prove otherwise. Many of the Caucasians, despite a significant number of them believing themselves better than other races, behave in unethical ways. This is notably seen in Hazel Motes’ visit to the whites-only bathroom; Caucasians do not possess the ethical high ground they claim to have. The seemingly-close relationship between ethics and laws is examined within Flannery O’Connor’s Wise Blood. Several events occur that question and critique the ethicality of laws as well as the professionalism and morality of those who enforce the laws. Hazel Motes’ interaction with the racist, supercilious police officer shows how the law can claim to be ethical, yet it can be just as unethical as the man or woman attempting to enforce it. Similarly, the supposed ethical basis of laws is called into question when Motes enters the disgusting, vandalized white-only restroom. No African Americans, a racial group believed to be less civilized than Caucasians, are allowed into the bathroom, yet the immaturity and disrespect of Caucasians is seen in the bathroom graffiti. Flannery O’Connor’s Wise Blood presents a critical look at the poor relationship between ethics and laws in 20th Century America.

42 Must-Read Feminist Female Authors

What is a feminist writer? The definition has changed over time, and in different generations, it can mean different things. For the purposes of this list, a feminist writer is one whose works of fiction, autobiography, poetry, or drama highlighted the plight of women or societal inequalities that women struggled against. Although this list highlights female writers, its worth noting that gender isnt a prerequisite for being considered feminist. Here are some notable female writers whose works have a decidedly feminist viewpoint. Anna Akhmatova (1889-1966) Russian poet recognized both for her accomplished verse techniques and for her complex yet principled opposition to the injustices, repressions, and persecutions that took place in the early Soviet Union. She wrote her best-known work, the lyric poem Requiem, in secret over a five-year period between 1935 and 1940, describing the suffering of Russians under Stalinist rule. Louisa May Alcott (1832-1888) Feminist and transcendentalist with strong family ties to Massachusetts, Louisa May Alcott is best known for her 1868 novel about four sisters, Little Women, based on an idealized version of her own family. Isabel Allende (born 1942) Chilean-American writer known for writing about female protagonists in a literary style known as magical realism. Shes best known for novels The House of the Spirits (1982) and Eva Luna (1987). Maya Angelou (1928-2014) African-American author, playwright, poet, dancer, actress, and singer, who wrote 36 books, and acted in plays and musicals. Angelous most famous work is the autobiographical I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969). In it, Angelou spares no detail of her chaotic childhood. Margaret Atwood (born 1939) Canadian writer whose early childhood was spent living in the wilderness of Ontario. Atwoods most well-known work is The Handmaids Tale (1985). It tells the story of a near-future dystopia in which the main character and narrator, a woman called Offred, is kept as a concubine (handmaid) for reproductive purposes. Jane Austen (1775-1817) Jane Austen was an English novelist whose name did not appear on her popular works until after her death. She led a relatively sheltered life, yet wrote some of the best-loved stories of relationships and marriage in Western literature. Her novels include Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1812), Mansfield Park (1814), Emma  (1815), Persuasion (1819) and Northanger Abbey (1819). Charlotte Brontà « (1816-1855) Charlotte Brontà «s 1847 novel Jane Eyre is one of the most-read and most-analyzed works of English literature. The sister of Anne and Emily Bronte, Charlotte was the last survivor of six siblings, the children of a parson and his wife, who died in childbirth. Its believed that Charlotte heavily edited Annes and Emilys work after their deaths. Emily Brontà « (1818-1848) Charlottes sister wrote arguably one of the most prominent and critically-acclaimed novels in Western literature, Wuthering Heights. Very little is known about when Emily Brontà « wrote this Gothic work, believed to be her only novel, or how long it took her to write. Gwendolyn Brooks (1917-2000) First African American writer to win the Pulitzer Prize, she earned the award in 1950 for her book of poetry Annie Allen. Brooks earlier work, a collection of poems called, A Street in Bronzeville (1945), was praised as an unflinching portrait of life in Chicagos inner city. Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861) One of the most popular British poets of the Victorian era, Browning is best known for her Sonnets from the Portuguese, a collection of love poems she wrote secretly during her courtship with fellow poet Robert Browning. Fanny Burney (1752-1840) English novelist, diarist, and playwright who wrote satirical novels about English aristocracy. Her novels include Evelina, published anonymously in 1778, and The Wanderer (1814). Willa Cather (1873-1947) Cather was an American writer known for her novels about life on the Great Plains. Her works include O Pioneers! (1913), The Song of the Lark (1915), and My Antonia (1918). She won the Pulitzer Prize for One of Ours (1922), a novel set in World War I. Kate Chopin (1850-1904) Author of short stories and novels, which included The Awakening and other short stories such as A Pair of Silk Stockings, and The Story of an Hour, Chopin explored feminist themes in most of her work. Christine de Pizan (c.1364-c.1429) Author of The Book of the City of Ladies, de Pizan was a medieval writer whose work shed light on the lives of medieval women. Sandra Cisneros (born 1954) Mexican-American writer is best known for her novel The House on Mango Street (1984) and her short story collection Woman Hollering Creek and Other Stories (1991). Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) Recognized among the most influential of American poets, Emily Dickinson lived most of her life as a recluse in Amherst, Massachusetts. Many of her poems, which had strange capitalization and dashes, can be interpreted to be about death. Among her most well-known poems are Because I Could Not Stop for Death, and A Narrow Fellow in the Grass. George Eliot (1819-1880) Born Mary Ann Evans, Eliot wrote about social outsiders within political systems in small towns. Her novels included The Mill on the Floss (1860), Silas Marner (1861), and Middlemarch (1872). Louise Erdrich (born 1954) A writer of Ojibwe heritage whose works focus on Native Americans. Her 2009 novel The Plague of Doves was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize. Marilyn French (1929-2009) American writer whose work highlighted gender inequalities. He best-known work was her 1977 novel The Womens Room. Margaret Fuller (1810-1850) Part of the New England Transcendentalist movement, Margaret Fuller was a confidant of Ralph Waldo Emerson, and a feminist when womens rights were not robust. Shes known for her work as a journalist at the New York Tribune, and her essay Woman in the Nineteenth Century. Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935) A feminist scholar whose best-known work is her semi-autobiographical short story The Yellow Wallpaper, about a woman suffering from mental illness after being confined to a small room by her husband. Lorraine Hansberry (1930-1965) Lorraine Hansberry  is an author and playwright whose best-known work is the 1959 play A Raisin in the Sun. It was the first Broadway play by an African-American woman to be produced on Broadway. Lillian Hellman (1905-1984) Playwright best known for the 1933 play The Childrens Hour, which was banned in several places for its depiction of a lesbian romance. Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) Writer whose best-known work is the controversial 1937 novel Their Eyes Were Watching God. Sarah Orne Jewett (1849-1909) New England novelist and poet, known for her style of writing, referred to as American literary regionalism, or local color. Her best-known work is the 1896 short story collection The Country of the Pointed Firs. Margery Kempe (c.1373-c.1440) A medieval writer known for dictating the first autobiography written in English (she could not write). She was said to have religious visions which informed her work. Maxine Hong Kingston (born 1940) Asian-American writer whose work focuses on Chinese immigrants in the U.S. Her best-known work is her 1976 memoir The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts. Doris Lessing (1919-2013) Her 1962 novel The Golden Notebook is considered a leading feminist work. Lessing won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2007. Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892-1950) Poet and feminist who received the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1923 for The Ballad of the Harp-Weaver. Millay made no attempts to hide her bisexuality, and themes exploring sexuality can be found throughout her writing. Toni Morrison (born 1931) The first African-American woman to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature, in 1993, Toni Morrisons best-known work is her 1987 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel Beloved, about a freed slave haunted by her daughters ghost. Joyce Carol Oates (born 1938) Prolific novelist and short-story writer whose work deals with themes of oppression, racism, sexism, and violence against women. Her works include Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? (1966), Because it is Bitter, and Because it is My Heart (1990) and We Were the Mulvaneys (1996). Sylvia Plath (1932-1963) Poet and novelist whose best-known work was her autobiography The Bell Jar (1963). Sylvia Plath, who suffered from depression, also is known for her 1963 suicide. In 1982, she became the first poet to be awarded the Pulitzer Prize posthumously, for her Collected Poems. Adrienne Rich (1929-2012) Adrienne Rich  was an award-winning poet, longtime American feminist, and prominent lesbian. She wrote more than a dozen volumes of poetry and several non-fiction books. Rich won the National Book Award in 1974 for Diving Into the Wreck, but refused to accept the award individually, instead sharing it with fellow nominees Audre Lorde and Alice Walker. Christina Rossetti (1830-1894) English poet known for her mystical religious poems, and the feminist allegory in her best-known narrative ballad, Goblin Market. George Sand (1804-1876) French novelist and memoirist whose real name was Armandine Aurore Lucille Dupin Dudevant. Her works include La Mare au Diable (1846), and La Petite Fadette (1849). Sappho (c.610 B.C.-c.570 B.C.) Most well-known of the ancient Greek women poets associated with the island of Lesbos. Sappho wrote odes to the goddesses and lyric poetry, whose style gave name to Sapphic meter. Mary Shelley (1797-1851) Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley  was a novelist best known for Frankenstein, (1818); married to the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley; daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft and William Godwin. Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902) Suffragist who fought for womens voting rights, known for her 1892 speech Solitude of Self, her autobiography Eighty Years and More and  The Womans Bible. Gertrude Stein (1874-1946) Gertrude Steins Saturday salons in Paris drew artists such as Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse. Her best-known works are Three Lives (1909) and The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas (1933). Toklas and Stein were longtime partners. Amy Tan (born 1952) Her best-known work is the 1989 novel The Joy Luck Club, about the lives of Chinese-American women and their families. Alice Walker (born 1944) Alice Walkers best-known work is the 1982 novel The Color Purple, winner of the Pulitzer Prize. Shes also famous for her rehabilitation of the work of Zora Neale Hurston. Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) One of the most prominent literary figures of the early 20th century, with novels like Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse (1927). Virginia Woolfs best-known work is her 1929 essay A Room of Ones Own.

Living Life in Fear with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Imagine living your entire life in constant fear. People often experience a sense of fear after living through an upsetting event. However, the feelings of fear, sadness, and anxiety slowly drift away and go back to normal. This is not the case for people diagnosed with PTSD. â€Å"Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can be developed following a traumatic event that threatens your safety or makes you feel helpless†. (Smith, Segal, 2014). Society oftens links PTSD with soldiers being traumatized by war events, however, anybody can develop PTSD from any type of overwhelming life experience. PTSD can be developed from more than just war experiences. Any shattering event that leaves you feeling helpless and hopeless can cause PTSD to form. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder can develop from rape, assault, childhood neglect, and even the sudden death of a loved one. Although some of these seem more traumatic than the others, they can all have the same type of impact on a person. PTSD comes from a traumatic event that a person has no control over. It is normal for a person to feel crazy, fearful, and even disconnected during the time that a traumatic event has happened. People may find it difficult to stop thinking about the event for a short period of time. Eventually these feelings begin to fade, however, for a person with post-traumatic stress disorder, these feelings do not go away. The symptoms for PTSD actually start to get worse the more that time goes on. â€Å"... you remain inShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The Traumatic Stress Disorder1568 Words   |  7 PagesPost- traumatic stress disorder often get looked over by doctors and people go untreated. With passing time the fear might go away, but what happen when the constant fear take over. That was the case for a student in a psychology class I was taking. The instructor was going over anxiety and a young man told the class about how when he was in the army. 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Debora Anderson Support System to Post Traumatic Stress disorder Patients in America Post-traumatic stress syndrome is an anxiety disorder that differs from other disorders due to its origin, or traumatic event. The severity, duration, and proximity to the event are some risk factors of the disorder. Post-traumaticRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Dissorder Essay1155 Words   |  5 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder, abbreviated as PTSD is an anxiety disorder that disrupts an individual’s memory, emotions, intellect as well as nervous response usually as a result of an extremely frightening, life threatening traumatic experience on oneself or another person usually. The experience may be harming physically or psychologically causing an interference with ones ability to cope with experiences that resemble the original trauma. The major symptoms characterizing PTSD include; anxiety

Ibsens plays Essay Example For Students

Ibsens plays Essay It is true that a major concern of Ibsens plays is the development of characters. However, the fact that A Dolls House has a backdrop in the form of a flawed society suggests that society dictates the ways in which characters mature.  Take the character Nora as a starting point. Torvald defines her character precisely when he says things such as: Is that my little sky-lark chirping out there? (1). At the start of the play, Nora is just an object to Torvald. The fact that she laughs and plays along with what can only be described as insults and teases, shows the audience that she is a weak character unable to amount to much. However, as the play progresses, we start to see hints that suggest Nora is not as marginalised as she first appears. Torvald says: My little sweet tooth surely didnt forget herself in town today? (5). The fact that she looks Torvald straight in the eye and lies about not eating the macaroons shows that she does have the potential to be subversive and stretch herself beyond what is accepted by her husband: I assure you Torvald! (5).  Nora then later on says to Mrs Linde: But little Nora isnt as stupid as everyone thinks. (9). Again, this sentence reveals just a little bit more about her character and shows that despite Torvalds teasing, she is capable of more than being his little squirrel or sky-lark. Eventually, we learn exactly what Nora has been keeping under wraps from Torvald, she says: I was the one who saved Torvalds life (13). By revealing this dark secret of hers, we learn a great deal about Noras character. The fact that she thought to borrow the money (a concept surely unthinkable to most women of this time) shows that she is intelligent and at the same time courageous for being willing to break the law out of love for her husband. The way in which she pays back the loan is also quite admirable,  I have had some other sources of income, of course. Last winter I was lucky enough to get quite a bit of copying to do. So I shut myself up every night and sat and wrote through to the small hours of the morning. Oh, sometimes I was so tired, so tired. But it was tremendous fun all the same, sitting there working and earning money like that. It was almost like being a man. (16) Her years of secret labour, which she has undertaken to pay off the debt, show Noras fierce determination as well as ambition. The last sentence: It was almost like being a man also reveals more about her character, she enjoys and longs to experience the power and freedom which men can experience, which is perhaps a catalyst for her later actions.  In the final scene, when all is revealed about Noras loan and her secret toil, Torvalds response is to shun Nora and blame her for tarnishing his reputation: Now you have ruined my entire happiness, jeopardised my whole future. (76). As far as Nora is concerned, this moment in the play is the turning point for her. Her mistreatment and urge for transgressive behaviour which have been kept under control by her throughout the play finally overpower her and she finally awakens to what is happening around her,  I have been performing tricks for you, Torvald. Thats how Ive survived. You wanted it like that. You and Papa have done me a great wrong. Its because of you Ive made nothing of my life.  This moment is powerful in terms of the revelation of Noras character, she will no longer be marginalised and she can finally be free from Torvalds tyranny. .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd , .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd .postImageUrl , .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd , .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd:hover , .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd:visited , .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd:active { border:0!important; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd:active , .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5f964ba15d4b7d22e41ff77f7b6a73fd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Crucible' wrote by Arthur Miller EssayTorvald is another character who is gradually revealed throughout the play. He begins as a domineering and forceful husband and although he tries to maintain a hold on Nora, he is later revealed to be a weak and self conscious man. Nora hides the fact that she is the reason he is still alive and Dr Rank will not let Torvald visit him on his death bed because he believes: Torvald is so fastidious, he cannot face up to anything ugly. It is almost as if Torvald is like a child, unable to face up to the truth and as a result he must be sheltered from the realities of life. The idea of Torvald being uncovered as a childish character comes into play again later on when he reveals the reason he objects to working with Krogstad.  We knew each other rather well when we were younger. It was one of those rather rash friendships that prove embarrassing in later life. Theres no reason why you shouldnt know we were once on terms of some familiarity. And he, in his tactless way makes no attempt to hide the fact, particularly when other people are present. (43)  With this speech, Torvald shows just how immature and petty he actually is, sacking somebody on the basis that they are too friendly and not his equal. Torvald rejects Noras plea that he keep Krogstad on at the bank because of his self consciousness and concern at what others might think of him should he give in so easily to his wifes requests.  Oh, nothing! As long as the little woman gets her own stubborn way! Do you want me to make myself a laughing stock in the office?Give people the idea that I am susceptible to any kind of outside pressure (42)  This act of selfishness shows that he prioritises his own reputation over his wifes desire. The character of Krogstad is another which is gradually revealed in the course of the play. As the plays antagonist, Krogstad appears as a villain at first, but we later see that he, like Nora has been wronged by society and has also contemplated suicide as a way out: Most of us think of that to begin with. I did, too; but I didnt have the courage (53). Although the revelation of his character is not as clear as Noras and Torvalds, there is still a change in him from the beginning. We as the audience are compelled to feel at least some sympathy for him, as he tries in vain to salvage his reputation in order to save his children from hardship. In conclusion, it is fair to say that a major concern of Ibsens play is the revelation of characters, however, we cannot ignore the criticisms of society which are without a doubt present in his works. In A Dolls House, Ibsen shows us how Nora transforms herself from a submissive and marginalised housewife, to a free and independent woman, while Torvald loses the power he thought he had. Perhaps it is because of society that people can only gradually reveal their characters. Nora longs to say damn, but because it is seen as socially unacceptable to say it, she must refrain. Ibsen could be seen as criticising societys boundaries because they stop people from expressing themselves.

Ðhe age of sixteen comes around Essay Example

Еhe age of sixteen comes around Essay Initially, when the age of sixteen comes around, a person chooses to be a licensed driver. This is a responsibility for that person to drive safe. Additionally, a sixteen year old has to obey traffic laws. This is a responsibility because if a sixteen year old does not obey the rules, a negative consequence will happen. A sixteen year old also has to keep a budget for the car. They usually have to keep the car clean and in good repair. In addition, a sixteen year old also has, an important part in society, as he/she is required to pay attention to their driving, as well as those driving around them. This is considered an adult because the person is responsible for the actions that might happen. This is a reason why the sixteen year-old people want to drive. Furthermore, a person at age sixteen can choose to be in school. This is another adult like responsibilities. Since the person can choose to be in school, it has made the person think like an adult. The other issue is that a person can now be more responsible. The reason why most sixteen year olds stay in school is that they want to expand their education. Most sixteen-year-olds know that if they have a better education, they would have a better job that would have a better income. Winston Churchill had a passion to learn and that is why he became the Prime Minister of Great Britain. This is what the reward is when people do well in school. We will write a custom essay sample on Еhe age of sixteen comes around specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Еhe age of sixteen comes around specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Еhe age of sixteen comes around specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Additionally, a sixteen year-old person now also has to start think about career goals in life. Since a sixteen can have part-time jobs, this is crucial for a person that is starting to think about career jobs. A sixteen year-old person also might have to pay income taxes. A sixteen year old has also planned for the post-secondary institution is crucial to getting a high paying job. Most often, a sixteen-year-old person also does not think about relationships yet because they are too young. It also takes up valuables learning time. Albert Einstein started thinking about his career goals when he was sixteen. He went on to becoming very famous. This is a responsibility because people that work nowadays are usually adults. In summary, sixteen year-old people should be considered adults because they can drive, choose to be in school, and when they choose their career goal. Wisdom comes by means of the acknowledgment of responsibilities and not become older.